- [171] Fall Prep for Spring Runoff
How to get your Bitterroot land ready for spring runoff, starting this fall. Read the full guide:
https://thewaterdev.com/land-health/fall-checklist-spring-runoff-montana/
You're losing more than just water
In this area, a lot of people live off gravel roads. When there's spring runoff, it makes the roads soft. People don't really notice the road is soft, and they just drive as they normally would and tear it up. It washboards, and the erosion leaves rocks in the road.
Speaking of erosion: spring runoff takes a lot of topsoil and other materials with it. Whether you're homesteading, farming or ranching, you work hard to build up your topsoil so you're at least maintaining quality, whether it's crops or orchards or tomatoes. You want to keep that nutrient density. And spring runoff just erodes it away.
You're losing more than just water off your land.
Where it all goes
If you don't have systems in place to catch that sediment, that topsoil, all those nutrients, it's just going to collect downhill.
When you don't give water a place to at least slow down (let's not even talk about spreading it out or sinking it yet, just slowing it down), all that material just keeps going. It deposits a little bit here and there, behind a rock, a branch, some grass. But it keeps accumulating more and more until it finds a place to rest.
Start by observing: be the water droplet
The very first thing to do is just observe.
When I say observe, I mean pretend you're a water droplet. You fall on a piece of your property. Where do you go from there? Where does that droplet want to go? Where does it want to rest? Where does it want to spread out? And where does it want to sink into the ground?
Think about the conditions, too. If it's hot out, the ground is hot, and the land is going to be hydrophobic. If your ground is compacted, it's also going to resist infiltration.
When your land is hydrophobic, water just wants to sit on top of it. It won't go into the ground, or it goes in at a very, very slow rate.
The bread and flour test
Here's something you can try in your kitchen. Take two plates. Put a normal slice of bread on one and a pile of flour on the other. Pour the same amount of water on each and see what happens.
The water on the bread gets absorbed. The bread is like a sponge, and that's what you want your soil to be. The flour is like compacted, dry soil.
I first saw this from Didi Pershouse. I've seen someone take it one step further: once you have your bread and your flour, blow on them. It sounds a little silly, but wind erosion is a thing too. If you don't have that sponge of soil, it just blows away. Like the Dust Bowl.
You want to increase the sponginess of your land.
Why fall?
Fall is an interesting time, especially this year. So far we've had higher than average rainfall for the fall. So you can already start practicing your observation.
Even if it's not a wet fall, get out there and observe, and think about what will happen in the spring. Write it down, because you're going to forget, like I do. Then in spring you can see if your observations were true, or how things went differently from what you projected.
Your driveway: water and access
Most roads in our area are maintained by the county, and some are private. But your driveway is on you.
You've got to take into account where water runs across your driveway, through it, over it and under it. What about your culvert? Is it going to get plugged up? And if it does, where is that water going to go?
Is your water sheeting off nice and thin and slow across your driveway? That's perfect. You want it slow, in thin sheets. You don't want rushing, gushing floods of water in any one spot.
There's a certain pitch where you won't see erosion, and that's one in 100: one inch for every hundred inches, or one foot for every 100 feet, rise to run. That goes for anywhere you're trying to move water from one place to another, whether it's from one side of your property to the other or along a ditch.
It's not always possible to keep that one in 100, especially on steeper slopes. You'd barely move across the landscape coming down a hillside. You'd need a long, long section to move any water without going past that slope.
So there are other methods:
- Rock armoring: rocks strategically placed in the way to help slow the water down.
- Sediment traps: when water does come down a steeper slope, a sediment trap works like a basin, kind of a bowl, to catch sediment, sticks, leaves, any sort of debris. Put it somewhere easy to maintain, because it will fill up over time. How often you clean it depends on how much water you get, how often you can get to it, and how big you build it.
My own mistake
Along the side of my house I have a steeper area that doesn't grow anything. I drive over it all the time, so it's compacted, and it's sandy. When it rains and water comes around my house, I don't have a good way to slow it down yet.
I put a stick in the way, about two inches by 12 feet, half buried, so the water runs along the slope, hits the stick and gets wicked away and down. The stick worked pretty well. Except I kept driving over it, and I didn't want to pin it down with nails or rebar. Eventually it popped out of place, and I never put it back. A water bar could work there too. Now that I think about it, maybe I'll try that.
Right now I still need that space for access. Water and access are two things that constantly fight each other.
The road department has to deal with a lot of water. They have all this machinery to deal with water and get it off roadways, and then they just put all the water to the side of the road. It's a whole thing. I'm not a civil engineer, but there's lots of room for improvement. Tangent aside...
The plan is to go around it: a shallower, wider road with a terrace-type switchback from the top side of my house to the downhill side. Once that replacement road is in, I can start repairing the steep section. One has to come before the other so I don't lose access.
Make the snow work for you
A lot of our water comes as snow. Here it usually comes lightly, a couple of inches at a time. Roughly 12 inches of snow is about one inch of rain.
It's been a couple of years since I've seen a decent amount of snow in the Bitterroot. In one weekend in 2021, we had about two feet of snow, and that's very unusual.
Move your snow so it's piled in a place where it's okay to let it melt. Don't pile it up against your house or near it. Don't put it around your vehicles. A lot of people push it to the end of the driveway. That's sort of okay, except now we're back to the erosion issue.
People just want to get rid of water as fast as possible. Push all your snow to the end of the driveway and it goes into the ditch, then downhill into creeks, rivers and streams. Instead, you can store water on your property as snow, and as it melts, it goes into the ground.
More of it soaks in than you might think. Here in the Bitterroot it gets quite warm, even in winter. Any time my kids build a snowman, it's totally gone within 36 hours. The top of your soil, the topsoil, is the sponge that soaks up that melt, and anything extra evaporates. What about frozen ground? It depends on the frost. Loose, granular frozen soil still takes in water. Dense "concrete" frost, which forms when soil freezes wet, mostly sheds it.
One thing to do this fall
Take a look around your property and see what's still green, and what's dead.
I'm talking ground cover, not trees; trees aren't a good indicator right now. What's green and what's brown and dead tells you where you already have water being held on the land, and where it dries out quicker.
Why this matters to me
My grandparents on both sides were farmers. They struggled to make a living, and farmers today still do. My parents didn't want to be farmers. They wanted a better life for their children. They saw the struggle.
But I always had an appreciation for the farm. I loved going up there: riding in the tractor, playing in the gravity bins, going in the corn crib. It's in my blood.
Trying to grow things myself, it was: oh, that worked. This didn't work. This didn't work. Why didn't this work? But this one worked, why was that? Learning and talking with other farmers, producers and homesteaders, I went deep, and it all came back to water.
Water really is the cornerstone of life. If you have water figured out, or at least you're not struggling with water, everything else gets easier and you can build on top of that. But if you get water wrong, it will only hurt you.
Let that soak in.
15m - Nov 2, 2026 - [170] Now Hiring! SHTF Positions - Men's Forum
"you are not your f*cking khakis"
or are you?
when the SHTF, what's your role? where do you bring value? are doomed to just roll over and die?
1h 2m - Jun 25, 2024 - [169] Social Break - Men's Forum
When was the last time you intentionally stopped using social media? It's not as important as you think.
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59m - Jun 11, 2024 - [168] Kids Are NOT Alright - Men's Forum
Another student suicide, this time by a 10 year old boy. Did the parents do enough? What are some other options?
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1h 17m - May 21, 2024 - [167] Starting Out Growing Behind - Men's Forum
It's the end of April, are you already behind on your plans for this year? What the hell happened?
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Six Day Acres Farm on Facebook
Six Day Acres Farm on Instagram
1h 3m - Apr 30, 2024 - [166] Common Strife to Unprepared Life- with Josh Centers
Growing concerned over the Ferguson Riots, Josh started to think and respond differently to how to better prepare himself and his family should anything happen. He writes a great Substack called Unprepared.Life and even the free content is worth subscribing
1h 9m - Apr 25, 2024 - [165] How to Grow HUGE Profits - with Caylon DePalma
Started in 2020 and tired of hustling for pennies at the farmer's market, Caylon found a shortcut to maximize profits on specialty crops selling to.... grocery stores! Plus his journey to quickly ramping up production on his farm.
1h 13m - Apr 16, 2024 - [164] Refocus - Men's Forum
we're back and it's been weird being gone. but it's also good to take some time and figure out what you SHOULD BE DOING instead of just going through the motions and following a path to no where or somewhere you don't want to be
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1h 20m - Apr 9, 2024 - [163] Masanobu Fukuoka - Famous Farmer
you're trying to do too much again
time to learn about Masanobu Fukuoka, Japanese farmer who pioneered the "do nothing" method by listening, trusting, and working with nature
Lets go
Fukuoka was born on Feb 2nd, 1913. His father was an educated man, completed an exceptional eight years of schooling, and the local leaders repeatedly selected him mayor. His mother was of Samurai descent and also well-educated. The land had been in the family for over 1400 years
a troublesome student, he angered the teachers, and one day his music teacher broke the village organ in frustration
His father sent him to Gifu Agricultural College for higher education to prepare for inheriting the family farm
In 1934, Fukuoka secured a role in Yokohama Customs Office's Plant Inspection Section. Working in a hilltop laboratory, he delved into studying diseases, fungi, and pests on imported plants
"in amazement at the world of nature revealed through the eyepiece of the microscope"
His third year at Yokohama, Fukuoka battled acute pneumonia, enduring harsh treatments like exposure to wintry air. Isolated, friends shunned him due to contagion fears. Even nurses fled after temperature checks, leaving him sick, lonely, and fearing for his life at 25
After recovering, Fukuoka, haunted by his brush with death, obsessively pondered life's meaning. During a solitary walk, he reached a cliff's edge, contemplating the impact of his death. Realizing his lack of true friends, he collapsed in a deep sleep under an elm tree
Waking to a heron's cry at dawn, he watched the sunrise through mist, birds singing, realizing
"all the concepts to which he had been clinging were empty fabrications. All his agonies disappeared like dreams and illusions, a something one might call 'true nature' stood revealed"
Fukuoka quit his job the next day. For months he lived on severance pay proclaiming "everything is meaningless."
Dismissed as eccentric, he returned home, retreated to a mountain hut, and entrusted with his father's citrus grove. Testing his revelation, he began doing nothing.
He let meticulously pruned fruit trees go wild. Insects attacked, branches interlocked, and the orchard withered. His father's grove taught Fukuoka a crucial lesson: abrupt changes harm cultivated trees, realizing the importance of gradual adaptation to natural farming
His odd behavior concerned his parents and as the mayor's son, "hiding" wasn't acceptable
In 1939, he was offered the chief role at an Agricultural Experiment Station, he accepted at his father's wishes. He moved to Kochi and was expected to increase wartime food production
Independently, Fukuoka conducted studies comparing yields from chemically enhanced crops with those grown naturally. He scientifically established natural farming's superiority over chemical aids, building upon his earlier revelation that "doing nothing was best"
"I just emptied my mind and tried to absorb what I could from nature"
Instead of asking "how about doing this?"
ask "how about not doing this?"
Over the years, as a more natural ecology was re-established, the less he did, the better the land responded
Fukuoka observed, "The earth cultivates itself" Recognizing roots, worms, and micro-organisms thrive, he saw no need for human intervention. Plowing alters the environment and encourages weed growth.
His first principle: No plowing or soil turning
Chemical fertilizers aid crops but harm soil. Nature itself can do better than compost and chicken poop (which can cause rice blast disease). Instead, use cover crops like clover as a natural fertilizer.
Fukuoka's second principle: No chemical fertilizers or prepared compost
Plowing stirs deep-lying weed seeds and chemical herbicides leaves poison. Weeds don't need to be eliminated, just suppressed with straw and ground cover, plus timely seeding to eliminate intervals between crops is crucial
His 3rd principle: No weeding by tillage or herbicides
Pests and diseases attack the weakest plants, allowing the strong to survive. Chemical solutions, though effective in the short term, are hazardous in the long run, leave weak and chemical-dependent plants
Fukuoka's 4th principle: No dependence on chemical pesticides
O-bon festival is when ancestors return to earth for 3 days to visit the living. On the 3rd night the ancestors go back with a sendoff of songs and fireworks
Masanobu Fukuoka, author of The One-Straw Revolution, passed away on Aug 16, 2008, on that 3rd day of O-bon
He was 95
Thank you very much for listening.
Links in the show notes for the articles and videos referenced here. Image credit: farmerandchef.co.uk
If there’s another farmer you’d like me to cover, send me a message! @farmhoplife on all the social medias or matt@farmhoplife.com
Go feed yourself.
5m - Feb 29, 2024 - [162] Get Growin' - Men's Forum
it's time to get your seeds and starts in order. you ready?
1h 6m - Feb 20, 2024 - [161] Stop Talking. Stay Small. Win Big - with Lindsay Graham
There are plenty of ways to win at farming for profit. Key is you have to keep track of your finances to actually know you're on the right path. But first, quit thinking about it and just do it already.
Lindsay Graham and her husband operate a 7 acre farm in Oklahoma raising pigs, chickens, and lamb selling wholesale. How well does that work? Really well actually!
1h 15m - Feb 16, 2024 - [160] Personal Property Plan with William Horvath of Permaculture Apprentice
Do you have a plan for your property or are you always shooting from the hip?
I’ve been taking a permaculture design course the last few months by William Horvath of Permaculture Apprentice. After working through the modules, homework, and coming up with a first draft, William set up a meeting to discuss my plans for my property. This episode is that meeting. You’ll see my draft I’ve submitted for review, hear a lot of specifics about the property, and William’s feedback for improvements to the design.
Sign up for this Permaculture Farm Design Course for 50% off CLICK HERE, an incredible deal
To pay full price, which is still a good deal for what you're getting, CLICK HERE
57m - Feb 12, 2024 - [159] Planning to Win - Men's Forum
What are you holding onto that's keeping you from wins and this year?
1h 2m - Jan 30, 2024 - [158] Greg Judy - Famous Farmer
"With every new species we bring to the farm, it supports 8 more who can thrive. That's promoting biodiversity"
Let's learn about Greg Judy
Greg was born in 1960 on a dairy farm in northern Minnesota. His family moved to Missouri in 1966, mainly to escape the cold long winters
Greg Judy started milking the family cow at 7, a routine he continued until leaving home after high school. Providing fresh milk for the family fueled his early passion for farming, creating a lasting connection to the land and its rhythms
1993-95, Greg acquired 205 acres, combining his Uncle and Dad's farms at $350-$400 per acre. A 10% down payment connected the plots, incorporating challenges with neglected land, cedars, and erosion. Relying on his town job to meet farm payments without starving
With many challenges on his 200-acre farm, Greg encountered a farmer with premier pasture on 160 acres during a drought. Introduced to Management Intensive Grazing, Greg enrolled in a grazing school and subscribed to Stockman Grass Farmer. Needing a change to avoid lifelong debt
During the 3 day grazing school, Greg slept in his camper to save money. Trapped by floods one night, he found high ground and camped, unbothered by the constant rain. He learned about forages, fences, and herd health. Eager to apply newfound knowledge, he hurried home
Allan Nation warned about the cattle crash and despite initially planning to increase his herd, Greg sold everything. In February 1996, he swiftly bought back all his cows shortly afterward, making strategic moves considering the drop in cow prices, actually making a farm payment
However, that summer Greg faced a another blow - discovering his wife's manic depression, leading to divorce. The financial strain intensified as divorce and farm payments depleted all available cash and cattle. Greg felt hopeless and looked like the farm was finished
Greg wrote up a contract to graze rodeo horses and that covered the six months of farm payments. Then, another Allan Nation article shifted his perspective. Rather than just land ownership, focus on making a living from the land. He started looking for unused pastures to lease
No ownership stress, Greg sells his management skills, developing idle land for grass gain on stockers. This let Greg pay off his farm and house in 3 years. He faced financial struggles, now shares experiences to guide young graziers, emphasizing the pitfalls of land ownership
Greg Judy now owns 4 farms & leases 12 more
1600 acres total
900 is timber
700 is grass
Green Pastures Farm offers pastured pigs, sheep, chickens, grassfed beef, shiitake mushrooms, some lumber, & furniture
Greg uses "mob grazing" trying to emulate the natural systems of the prairie when the buffalo roamed
2 mobs, about 300 animals in a mob. Move twice a day. Combine your herds for more horsepower to build your soil
Pasture ratio: 30% grazed, 30% trampled, 30% left standing
For the woods, first thing is to run your cattle in there at high density. Trample, cow pee and poop to fertilize the ground. Let Mother nature take over. No seeding. Only take the pigs through the timber once a year, let the timber recover
Wanting to get more forage in the woods so that the sunlight hits all sides of every mature tree, thin out the smaller ones. He took out 70% of the trees and inoculated them with shiitake mushrooms
Thank you very much for listening.
Links in the show notes for the articles and videos referenced here.
If there’s another farmer you’d like me to cover, send me a message! @farmhoplife on all the social medias or matt@farmhoplife.com
Go feed yourself.
source 1, source 2, source 3, source 4
Image credit: glassenfarms.com
4m - Jan 22, 2024 - [157] When the Fun Stops, with Kiel
When do you call it quits despite how badly you want something and how much money you've spent?
Kiel talks about the few years he spent homesteading, giving it his all. But with a job away from the homestead, the expenses kept piling up. Finally, he had to leave and return to the city.
Kiel on Twitter X
https://twitter.com/___Kiel___
2h 8m - Jan 16, 2024 - [156] Number Go Up - Men's Forum
new year, time to step up because the crazy train is going full steam
📖 we're going to recap a few major events that happened in 2023
🥅 did you hit your goals in 2023?
🏋️ discuss our plans to do more this year
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1h 8m - Jan 9, 2024 - [155] Catherine Hagel - Famous Farmer
If only I could be so blessed as being able to farm until I’m 100 years old, what a life that would be
Catherine Hagel born Nov. 28, 1894, on a farm near Dayton, MN to John and Mary Dahlheimer. At 5lbs, her father doubted she would survive.
Catherine met her future husband, John at age 16, when he was digging a hole for an outhouse.
They married in 1916. Then in 1918 She worked to maintain the family farm when her husband fell ill during a flu pandemic, while caring for two children
a farmer's wife who made nearly everything from scratch, picking berries and canning hundreds of jars of fruits and vegetables every year, and had no electricity and running water for decades
She made her own soap, sewed her family's clothes and was an avid quilter. She spent all winter tearing rags. Her children would tie the rags together and she would use them to make rag quilts.
The Depression found them struggling to hold onto the family farm. Catherine attributes her deep religious faith for serving her through the ups and downs of it all.
"She used to tell such stories -- about the Indians living nearby when she grew up, seeing her first car, meeting Dad when he came over to help on the farm, about growing up one of 10 kids and then raising 11 of her own," Her daughter Cecilia said.
"When Mom was about 80 we tried to get her to move after the house burned down, but she refused," her daughter said. "She camped out on a cot in the garage, then in an old trailer house till we rebuilt the farmhouse."
Until she was 100, Hagel stayed on the 40-acre farm near Rogers after her husband died in 1966, keeping up a huge garden, sewing, quilting and visiting relatives.
Increasing frailty and a painful case of untreated shingles drove Hagel to leave the farm and move to a care facility.
Catherine taught her children, by example and expectation, the value of hard work, a positive attitude and an utter trust that God gets everything right.
“When something bad would happen, Mom always said, 'Well, it's in God's hands,'" Cecilia said
"We grew up poor and didn't eat" her son Al laughs saying, who still lives at the family's farmstead, has fond memories of growing up on the farm.
Catherine had three girls and eight boys; the last four were two sets of twins.
"don't go rooting around" was something that Catherine lived by. In fact, she has only left Minnesota once in her 113 years, to visit a cousin in Wisconsin.
expected and unexpected visitors were welcome to the Hagel home. "Dad was always bringing home bums and mom would always have something to feed them," said Al
He remembers the vagabonds that would hop off cars at the railroad station in Rogers and find their way into the house for a warm meal.
Catherine died on December 6th, 2008 at the age of 114 years, 8 days.
She is the 2nd oldest Minnesotan, and 81st oldest American to ever live.
Image Credit: the110club.com
3m - Jan 3, 2024 - [154] Zephaniah Phiri - Famous Farmer
"plant the rain"
when you live in the most arid region of Zimbabwe and modern farming techniques have failed, you take drastic measures to provide for your family
and that's after being jailed and beaten multiple times for years
let's learn about Zephaniah Phiri
Zephaniah Phiri was born Feb 1927 in Rhodesia
1950s during the colonial days, he was arrested for planting barn grass and kikuyu grass to preserve water in his catchment area. At court, the validity of his arguments led the Magistrate to visit Phiri’s fields and let him go free
Phiri was arrested again in the 1960s. Brutally beaten up, thrown into a detention facility, spending his entire time there in leg irons.
His farming aptitude began while in detention, a place of extreme scarcity, when he started a piggery project so he could “eat better.”
after release and banned from working, forced him back to his small farm at ~8 acres. Phiri experimented with farming techniques
capturing water from the hill, redirecting it into trenches at the bottom of the hill for future use. Earning him three arrests for “farming in a waterway.”
Intrigued by Phiri's continued defiance and quantity of produce at a time of severe drought (1972/73), the magistrate decided to visit Mr Phiriʼs farm. Impressed, freed him and had the Government Land Development Officer opposing Mr Phiriʼs strategies replaced.
1973, Mr Phiri opened his first pond, discovering that the bands of clay brought water to the surface and these could be used to make dam walls that prevented water loss when it was abundant.
“Ponds enabled holding more water in the marshy patch, without water-logging the soils"
August 1976 during Zimbabwe’s liberation war, he was arrested for possession of firearms left at his home by the freedom fighters, "terrorists" to the colonial government. Tortured, two of his shoulder bones, broken, hip joint disjointed, and forever left with a limp
Afterwards, he was taken to Gweru Prison where he suffered for four and half years, handcuffed and restrained with leg irons.
By 1983, he had constructed two additional dams of combined storage capacity 1,5 million litres, nearly 400,000 gallons or an olympic sized swimming pool
encouraged by the experiments with sand filtration using concrete rings, Mr Phiri discovered in 1987 the concept of “Phiri pits” – holes in contour trenches where water accumulates, forcing water infiltration deep into the soils uphill to feed downhill fields later in the season
During the 80s and 90s, he placed pits across his land. Many villagers followed his example. Between 1984-86, he founded the Vulindhlebe Soil and Water Conservation, and the Zvishavane Water Project, two key NGOs that equipped farmers with skills to manage their water better
over 10,000 visitors to his farm in the past 30 years. Academics, university students, researchers, public officials, fellow farmers, all learning from a man who had elementary school edu. Mr Phiri did not need a degree to understand hydrology, and how to make it work for him.
His now famous “Phiri Pits” have captured the rain water whose seepages have literally met the water level in the ground below; thus resulting in raising the water table that ensures constant moisture to his trees and crops.
Brad Lancaster of Arizona, author of “Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond”, had visited Zimbabwe in 1995
“And when I told him how concerned I was with the water situation in my community and watershed, and how I was thinking of leaving my community because of this... "
Phiri said "You cannot leave. You must set your roots deeper than you ever thought possible. Because if you run from your problems, you will just plant problems everywhere you go... "
“You must instead try to find solutions. If you succeed, you will then have the ability to find solutions anywhere.”
He was never selfish. He freely offered well-structured training to smallholder farmers in his area and throughout Zimbabwe, particularly women.
Phiri, famously known as the "Water Harvester" passed away on September 1, 2015 after suffering a severe stroke
“In his years Mr Phiri took to thanking Mr (Ian) Smith (the cruel former Rhodesian prime minister) in his speeches,” Dr Ken Wilson said in his condolence message
Dr Ken Wilson “He would say that from Smithʼs inhumanity and his vulnerability had come the prayers that had opened his heart to hear the Word of God and enabled him to commit his familyʼs well-being on the stewardship of his little piece of land.”
To see photos, check out my Twitter thread on Mr Phiri
Thank you very much for listening.
I’ll have a link in the notes for everything you’ve just heard.
If there’s another farmer you’d like me to cover, send me a message! @farmhoplife on all the social medias or matt@farmhoplife.com
Go feed yourself.
Image Credit: National Geographic
Source 1, Source 2, Source 3, Source 4, Source 5, Source 6, Source 7, Source 8, Source 9
4m - Dec 16, 2023 - [153] Now What? - Men's Forum
man check. what are you up to?
SecureCoop website [DISCOUNT CODE IN EPISODE]
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1h 1m - Dec 5, 2023 - [152] A Warrior in the Garden with Farmer Til I Die
Tony, aka "Farmer, Till, I die or get Disappeared", kicks it off with how his house got raided by a SWAT team because he was feeding the homeless in is area. Followed by how to escape the maze they've put us in. And of course how to grow your own food! He's an excellent teacher by showing you exactly how to build these systems no matter your situation.
1h 18m - Dec 1, 2023
